As of June 25, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to monitor the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ongoing genetic changes in the virus have led to the identification of several variants, each with distinct characteristics that may impact their transmissibility, virulence, and the effectiveness of vaccines against them. The variants of SARS-CoV-2 are classified based on their genetic changes, which are significant enough to warrant separate labeling by virologists.
These genetic changes can result in increased transmissibility, making the virus more contagious, or increased virulence, which can lead to more severe symptoms. Additionally, some variants may reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines, making it essential to monitor their evolution and spread.
The WHO has designated certain variants as “of interest” due to their potential impact on public health. As of June 25, 2025, the variant JN.1 is considered a variant of interest. This designation indicates that the variant has been detected in multiple countries or regions and has the potential to spread further.
The WHO’s classification of variants is crucial in guiding public health responses and ensuring that measures are in place to mitigate the spread of the virus. In addition to variants of interest, the WHO also monitors variants “under monitoring.” These variants have been detected in limited geographic areas or have shown potential for increased transmissibility or virulence.
As of June 25, 2025, the variants under monitoring include KP.3, KP.3.1.1, JN.1.18, LP.8.1, NB.1.8.1, XEC, and XFG. The continued monitoring of these variants is essential to understanding their potential impact on public health and informing strategies to control their spread.
Variants and Vaccine Effectiveness
The emergence of new variants raises concerns about the effectiveness of existing vaccines. While vaccines have been highly effective in preventing severe illness and hospitalization due to COVID-19, the reduced effectiveness against certain variants is a concern. The WHO and other public health organizations closely monitor the effectiveness of vaccines against emerging variants, and this information guides recommendations for vaccine development, distribution, and administration.
As the situation with SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to evolve, it is essential to remain vigilant and informed. The WHO and other public health organizations will continue to monitor the spread of variants and provide updates on their potential impact.
Looking ahead, it will be crucial to watch for further updates on the variants of interest and under monitoring, as well as any new variants that may emerge. The ongoing monitoring and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants will inform public health strategies and ensure that measures are in place to protect against the spread of the virus.
